Tuesday 14 December 2021

INTERNET REGULATION

The Online Safety Bill 

Damian Collins The Times 14.12.21. Damian Collins is chairman of the joint committee on the draft Online Safety Bill.  



The final sentence of the article reads:
"...and, in the worst cases, criminal sanctions."

In today's revision session:
  1. Film regulation - we use the essay 
  2. Press regulation
  3. Online regulation (article above)
  4. Media ecology

Friday 10 December 2021

PROMO PACK BRIEF

Prep for the weekend of Saturday 11 December 

TITLE of post: PROMO PACK BRIEF

You upload the most recent edit of your finished film opening then write the rest of the post that the moderator will see first.

These are examples of what you write: example 1, example 2, example 3

YOUR NAME 1234

I worked with Alan Rickman 5678 and Emma Thompson 9357

Brief Option 2: A promotion package for a new film, to include two trailers (major task), together with an official social media page for the film and a poster for the film (minor tasks).  We made the promo pack for a thriller film  / psychological thriller film opening / comedy film / drama film /  'coming of age'  film / horror film entitled GROUND FLOOR /  DODGING A BULLET / OFF THE LEASH / TRU 2 U

I took responsibility for the camerawork, in particular, ....

I took responsibility for the directing of the scenes...

I took responsibility for set design, such as the protest boards....I sourced the materials and because I do DT at AL, I used the school DT studio for materials to... Together with Emma / Alan, I created the pinboard which is a key prop...... I made suggestions about lighting which we implemented, in particular, the lighting in the scene...

I took responsibility for the editing / editing the scenes in which... I edited in Final Cut Pro / Premiere Pro / iMovie. Particular challenges in my editing included....

I created the music for the final scene because I sing the track.... 

I designed and made the Production Company logo TFL PRODUCTIONS / SILVERSCREEN PRODUCTIONS / TENPIN PRODUCTIONS / PP PRODUCTIONS. I used Adobe Illustrator then edited the image in Premiere / I used Photoshop / I designed the image in Photoshop then took it into Premiere.

Thursday 2 December 2021

POWER & MEDIA: REVISION

  • We revised Stuart Hall and representation: he looked at the power of mainstream media in representing race, gender, class, ethnicity and religion. For Hall, these discourses are not innocent but disguise ideology: the media racialises crime, presents patriarchal narratives on gender and is guilty of 'othering' immigrants, Muslims and the poor.
  • Re-watch this presentation and make notes.
  • We then read Essential Media Theory (Mark Dixon p.65): Hall argues that stereotyping constructs closure and exclusion.
  • Then I screened an excellent trailer for MAN ON FIRE to remind you that trailers need to break away from linear editing: they should be more elliptical in their narrative, adventurous in their camerawork (canted angles), experimental (cross-dissolves, colour washes) and fast paced 

Friday 19 November 2021

CHECKLIST

  Posts /tasks that can be done by one member of the Production Team and shared:

  1. Mind map
  2. The actual treatment (but don't just copy / paste the post)
  3. Location recces (with photos)
  4. Props (with photos) linking representation to props
  5. Storyboard (can be shared)
  6. Shot list (can be shared)
  7. Call sheets (one for every shoot)
  8. Risk assessment
  9. BBFC certificate

Posts / Tasks best done by individually:

  1. Social groups and stereotypes (Pinterest + nice presentation format + writing)
  2. Casting (post with paired images)
  3. Accounts of filming (reflective, with 'on the set' shots; challenges, what went well / badly)
  4. Props that you have made yourself
  5. Your own Production Company logo (films often have co-productions)
  6. Key reflective posts - refinements, changes, reflections, edits 
Already completed and posted:
  1. Audience research, questionnaire + results in pie chart or bar chart
GUIDANCE and EXAMPLES

To show the development of your ADVANCED Production, you publish PLANNING posts. Put the word PLANNING in caps before each of the following:

AUDIENCE QUESTIONNAIRE Consult this blog post

TREATMENT Examples here

MY TARGET AUDIENCE example of a post here,  here and here 

CHARACTERS The exam board ask us to consider social groups and stereotypes. Examples of this are in this post here, this post and here

LOCATION RECCE with photos like this

RISK ASSESSMENT Once you know exactly what you are doing, assess the risks in a Word Document like this one here or perhaps this is a simpler and more suitable example

CASTING Note Examiner's report here Examples here in Canvahere in Piktocharthere in Slideshare

PROPS Present this as you see fit, such as like this. If you have to construct props

STORYBOARD Examples here  and here

SHOT LIST Example here and here

CALL SHEET Example here

CERTIFICATE Example here

AUDIENCE Theory SlideShare like this 

SOCIAL GROUPS - images collected in Pinterest boards, labelled and groups: How does your film opening represent social groups or issues? Find images (= representations) and collate them in different Pinterest boards like this.

    • First identify the social groups featured and present them visually (in Pinterest). Roles and jobs?
    • The focus is on how they are represented: stereotypes? anti-stereotypes? What are they like? Gender, status, age? 
    • Identify the issues in your film opening: recent 'issues' have included artificial intelligence, people smuggling, bullying, kidnapping, art theft, online fraud. How are they presented in your production?

                                                                          ...........

    CONSTRUCTION: SHOOTS Great fun to report on your shoots (and later on your edits), explaining the challenges

    Wednesday 17 November 2021

    FILM INDUSTRY ESSAY REVISION: EMMA CASE STUDY

      Exam Paper 2 Key Concepts : Section B 


    In today's lesson, we watch the US and UK trailers for Emma and consider how to use Working Title's Emma as a case study to discuss issues raised such as

    • ownership - Working Title, Universal
    • genre - literary adaptation, comedy
    • different audiences - mainstream, national, international, literary
    • marketing - posters (how 'outdoor' marketing with high production values & highly stylised costumes + landscapes targeted older audiences)
    • casting of long-term famous stars like Bill Nighy & Rupert Graves, comediennes like Miranda Hart and new talent like Josh O'Conner, Johnny Flynn, Anya Taylor-Joy (known to Netflix audiences for her acting triumph in “The Queen’s Gambit”. Accompanying the streaming of the miniseries has come renewed interest in the movie)
    • social media (younger audiences Twitter and Instagram; older audiences FB); trailers and visuals now cut specially for hand-held devices with snappier editing for shorter attention spans
    • marketing - trailers (how the fast-paced editing, use of comedy, emphasis on romance & current stars engaged a new generation of younger audiences)
    • product tie-ins and merchandising - stationery
    • celebrity appearances and interviews - Vogue Magazine screening
    • synergy - the trailers appear on WT's website, together with convergent social media links, enabling a degree of synergy
    • Emma release: Valentine's Day 2020 in UK, shortly after in US; 20th March digitally through Premium VOD streaming platforms because of cinema closures; later, in May, via DVD and Blu-ray, and recently viewing via HBO with Prime Video Channels. See this article on the changing patterns of content creation, distribution and star power 
    • Accolades - Academy Award (like Costume design)and BAFTA nominations, Golden Globe winner
    • Box office world-wide total $26 million +

    Tuesday 9 November 2021

    TV DRAMA: REVISION

    Exam Component 2: Key Media Concepts (25% of total marks) Written examination 2 hours

    Written analysis by Sunday 14 November on Google Classroom

    Find the exam text on ClickView: go to Media Studies > TV drama clips > OCR 322 HUSTLE

    Discuss the ways in which the extract from Hustle constructs meaning through the following: 

    • camera shots, angles, movement and composition 
    • editing 
    • sound 
    • mise-en-scène. 

    Tips:

    Start with an opening sentence that briefly sums up what the extract is about.

    It's often easiest to begin with mise-en-scène, for example "The extract opens in a dress shop...". Even better, pick 3 adjectives "The extract opens in an exclusive, West End, couture dress shop..."

    Tackle the analysis on a scene-by-scene basis (NOT camerawork, then editing and so on)
    So, discuss all 4 bullet points as you go through each scene - some may be longer than others.
    3 point plan: identify the terminology, then give the example, then say what meaning is made.

    For example: The close-up shot terminology of the wealthy blond customer with her expensively coiffed hair and perfect make-up example shows the audience how poised and self-assured she is as she smiles smugly, confident of getting what she wants meaning 

    Another example: The tilt pan terminology from foot to head of the wealthy customer trying on the expensive new evening dress example constructs her as the sort of client that the shop assistant wants to impress as she is slim and makes the dress look beautiful; by ending the camera movement on her face, the audience sees her vain reaction to her image in the mirror meaning 

    Another example: the two shot terminology of Stroller (the older man) dressed to impress in his expensive suit entertaining Sean (the younger man) in the exclusive gentlemen's club, plying him with whiskey in cut glass tumblers, in a setting designed to make a statement example suggests that Stroller is out to manipulate the younger man meaning



    Monday 8 November 2021

    KEY POSTS

    Note the highlighted point from the specification. You are already in a position to start a post entitled REFLECTION about a key moment.
    During filming and editing, posts entitled CHANGES, EDITS and REFINEMENTS should be written. See how last year's cohort included these.



    Sunday 7 November 2021

    EXAM DATES

    Term begins Wednesday 5 January (half term Friday 11 February - Monday 21 February 2022)

    School Mock Exams: Wednesday 5 January - Friday 14 January

    School exam Media Component 4 Critical Perspectives Friday 7 January p.m.

    School exam Media Component 2 Media Texts and Contexts Wednesday 12 January a.m.

    Term ends Friday 25 March 2022

    Summer term begins Wednesday 20 April 2022 (half term Friday 27 May - Monday 6 June)

    CIE 9607 Wednesday 18 May afternoon - Key Media Concepts

    CIE 9607 Tuesday 7 June afternoon - Critical Perspectives

    DEADLINES

    As agreed, you complete your 2 trailers (filming and editing) by Friday 10 December by the double lesson

    Your poster and social media: mini deadlines for each between mocks (14/01) and half term (11/02). For realistic social media platforms, post regularly from now onwards.

    Creative Critical Reflection: in 4 batches; when put together, these make one essay-style piece

    Friday 5 November 2021

    POWER & THE MEDIA: BITESIZE REVISION

    A reminder of the exam specification for Power and the media:

    We revise how media messages such as stereotyping, exclusion and control of images can exert power:

    • Dune (2021)The exclusion of the central female actor of Jamaican heritage from the film poster in China (below)
    • John Boyega airbrushed out of his own ads and from the ensemble poster in China : Jo Malone TV ad and Star Wars: The Force Awakens
    • Theory Stuart Hall – Essential Media Theory Stereotypes and here where there are two short videos, including Stuart Hall presenting



     




     

     




     

    Friday 15 October 2021

    CONSTRUCTION: BBFC CERTIFICATE

    Once you have decided your film title, one of the team could get ahead by creating the BBFC certificate and writing up the post explaining why you had awarded your film the age rating that you chose. Reference what you read on the BBFC site and how you applied the guidelines.

    Most students use Photoshop for this after downloading a template.



    PLANNING: MIND MAP

    INITIAL IDEAS

    Our production team brainstormed ideas about the plot, the soundtrack, our favourite films / scenes from films, ideas for locations and characters. (Write freely: I can imagine using our dog / garden / school woods / my mother's office....)

    MINDMAP can be hand-written or done on an app like SimpleMinds




    We wrote an OUTLINE TREATMENT

    Our ideas.....


    Wednesday 13 October 2021

    TASKS

    To meet the deadline of all filming and editing of both trailers by Friday 10th December 2021, you need to work now and over half term. 

    One advantage of filming a trailer is that different people can film short clips

    Pitch me your idea before getting the green light: we have learned from professionals that you must work within a recognised genre but also bring something fresh - a USP

    The editing MUST be done on a school iMac so that it is secure and so that every member of the production team has access


    Friday 8 October 2021

    PLANNING: TARGET AUDIENCE & SIMILAR FILMS

    Kezia Williams, of Entertainment One UK, on the FutureLearn Film Distribution by the Film Distributors Association, speaks about how film distributors build a 'comp list' of comparable films that their target audience would enjoy. 


    She highlights the importance of knowing your target audience. She asks questions like "what drives them to the cinema" and "what interests do they have". She also says distributors will compare data of films that are similar in their genre, selling points and story. The target audience and budget is formulated from what box office take was like with previous films and the types of audience that saw those films. The target audience can be analysed to find the gender gap, and which cinemas the target audience usually frequent.




    seconds KEZIA WILLIAMS: Really important to understand who your audience is and what motivates them and what’s going to interest them and drive them to go to the cinema. So you start, often, by examining similar films that have been released in the past– comparable films is a way in which we refer to them in the industry– and create a set that we can then look back at data so we can look at lots of different data and do research, really, on those comparable films to identify who the audience was on those films. So it might be that we look at demographic data and think about, did it skew more male or more female? What’s the age group that it appeals to?

    Skip to 0 minutes and 46 secondsDoes it have multiple different audiences that that can appeal to? And there’s lots and lots of cinema-going trends that you can dig into from that comparable set. We’ll also look at box office data to understand regionality, to look at the cinema-going skew– so did more people go to a certain cinema chain to see these comparable films? Right down to which cinemas performed. So it might be that there’s a cinema in London that had a fantastic box office share, and that’s an important aspect for us to consider. And then once you really understand who the audience on those comparable films were, you can start to talk about the differences and similarities between those films and the film that you’re working on.

    Today we carried out similar research.

    Our 'comp list' is below:

    Example 1 

    Example 2

    Example 3

     

    PLANNING: MY TARGET AUDIENCE

    To plan how to reach your specific target audience you need to know who they are and what their interests are. You create an audience questionnaire to research the age, gender, ethnicity and social class of your target audience. You also find out what their media needs and wants are so that you can create a film that will satisfy them. Ultimately in order to market your movie you have to find out the best way to reach your target audience. To show how your research has helped with your planning, you have answered the questions below with pictures to support your post. 

    1. Who is my primary target audience?

    2. What kind of films and television are they likely to prefer?

    3. What platforms do they choose to watch films and where are they likely to see information about films?

    4. What brands do they prefer?

    5. What makes my film stand out from the competition?

    . Why should my audience watch my film? 

     

    Wednesday 6 October 2021

    PLANNING: ADVANCED PRODUCTION

    Deadline DECEMBER THIS TERM for all TRAILER making - filming and editing main trailer and teaser trailer

    PLANNING: TASKS (this is the title of the post) Copy / paste the list below (and edit it!).

    1. The name of our film: 
    2. The name of our Production Company and our co-production companies:
    3. The name of the director that will appear in our trailers:
    4. The name of the 2-3 main actors that will appear in our trailers:
    5. (Optional)  "From the director of..."
    6. The names of the film festivals where our film will be screened (more festival names here): 
    7. Pull quotes from reviews etc; wording:
    8. Our location recce - take photos and collate in an attractive way + written explanation
    9. Our target audience
    10. Social groups and issues in our film...
    11. Our props list - photos + stereotypes + clothing
    12. Our social media - write down decisions about who is taking responsibility for which platforms
    13. Our music - we researched (this type of music) as the background track... and narrowed down our choice to include...
    14. Our call sheets are being written by ...
    15. Make your storyboard - include....

    • how you plan to frame shots - identify establishing shot, wide shots, two- shots, three-shots, CUs, ECUs,
    • words of any other inter titles
    • release date - decide on wording

    Monday 27 September 2021

    ONLINE HARMS: ADDITIONAL CONTENT

    EXAM ESSAY QUESTION PREP and CLASSWORK Upload to Classroom during class time on Friday 1st October period 4

    Use the material below

    Evaluate = judge or calculate the quality, importance, amount, or value of something

    'Online harms' also include hate speech, racism, terrorism, gang culture, anonymous abuse, sale of opioids (amongst many examples) so you may feel more comfortable offering case studies relating to this material rather than those mentioned in The Times editorial.

    Here are some that I have prepared for you, some of which we have already covered in class:

    Online abuse of politicians 

    There are many sources of information on this topic, especially the harassment of female politicians. To sum up: 

    Women in politics face 'daily' abuse on social media, leading to fears for their safety, and the risk that women will stop standing for election 


    Women politicians are targeted disproportionally on social media according to the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace eg Kamala Harris (2020 U.S. vice presidential candidate) 3,000 an hour false claims on Twitter

    One woman who has consistently received horrific attacks ever since she began her career as an MP in 1987 is Diane Abbott. Amnesty found almost half of abusive tweets targeted at women MPs in the run up to the 2017 general election were sent to Abbott.

    Caroline Dinenage, MP for Gosport and minister for digital and culture: “It’s a very serious problem and not one that is subsiding. We have seen a worrying rise in the amount of online abuse, harassment and intimidation directed at those in public life. The low-level abuse is what prevents me, like many others, from sharing too much about our lives and experiences online. More importantly, it can deter future candidates from standing for office.”

    On 16 June 2016, Jo Cox, the British Labour Party Member of Parliament for Batley and Spen, died after being shot and stabbed multiple times in Birstall, W. Yorkshire. The judge said he had no doubt Mair murdered Cox to advance a political, racial, and ideological causes of violent white supremacism and exclusive nationalism most associated with Nazism and its modern forms. Cox's murder was also explicitly referenced in the social media posts of a man who was jailed for four months in April 2017 for making death threats towards the then-MP for Eastbourne Caroline Ansell of the Conservative party.Two months after the death of Cox, at least 25 MPs received identical death threats, including the Labour MP Chris Bryant. Bryant said the threats were "particularly disturbing ... [in] that a lot of these threats are to women. I think women MPs, gay MPs, ethnic minority MPs get the brunt of it."

    Gang culture

    Childnet International report on the dangers many young people face online from gangs. For most children, social media can be an essential part of life, and this is no different for those involved in gangs and youth violence. The way members of gangs portray themselves online may seem glamorous to some children, for example, if they share images of money, or expensive items of clothing or technology. The reality of being in a gang can be very different. There have been growing concerns about the role of social media in gang violence and child criminal exploitation. Through social media, children can be drawn into gangs from peer groups, street gangs and criminal networks.

    Social media can be used to incite violence between gangs

    Drill music can be shared online and is linked to gang violence

    Racism

    A report released by the Professional Footballers’ Association has provided one of the most in-depth analyses of social media abuse aimed at footballers. Footballer Bukayo Saka: at the end of the Euro 2020 final,  Marcus Rashford, Jadon Sancho and Bukayo Saka missed England’s three penalties in the final shootout and were subjected to a spike of racist insults.
    "The Government and football community need social media companies to use their full resources to stop this abuse and better protect players.

    The draft Online Safety Bill was published in May. It will require online companies to tackle harmful abuse on their platforms - both by preventing abuse and removing any posts that are against their use policies. They will need to stop repeat offenders from opening new accounts and make it easier for the authorities to find people who set up anonymous accounts to abuse others. Racist abuse will be designated a priority harm in the legislation.

    If they fail to live up to their responsibilities, social media firms will face very tough sanctions including fines of up to 10% global turnover and ultimately criminal liability for managers."

    Online media - positives / a nuanced debate

    Social media, used as originally intended, is a powerful tool to support society: Mark Zuckerberg "Our mission at Facebook is to connect the world." 
    At face value, this seems to carry out the
    early optimistic predictions of
    Nicholas Negroponte in the mid 1990s: "We will socialise in digital neighbourhoods in which physical space will be irrelevant...the digital planet will look and feel like the head of a pin." His optimism was based on arguments such as democratisation (because no-one is in charge of the internet, it would be immune from the abuses of large-scale organisations, governments or powerful international companies.) 


    But in fact, media in general is dominated by conglomerates who own almost all media - The Big Six (National Amusements, Disney, TimeWarner, Comcast, NewsCorp, Sony. Added to this, there are concerns about social media companies - Facebook owns Instagram and What's App, achieving a monopoly on social networking. Facebook has been under increased regulatory scrutiny in the US since 2017, when news reports revealed that the political data firm Cambridge Analytica had harvested Facebook user data without consent in the lead-up to the 2016 US presidential election. FB was then fined for violating anti-privacy policies. Equally, Apple, Amazon, Facebook, and Google have been accused of monopolistic practices, with the US's Department of Justice arguing for increased enforcement of antitrust legislation. 



    What is positive? Social media can be used to share news - 'citizen journalism'- especially valuable in countries where centralised censorship suppresses freedom of expression. For Dan Gillmor, author of We The Media, platforms like blogs, YouTube and social media have transformed journalism into a 'profoundly grassroots and more democratic structure'. He asserts that the line between consumer and producer has blurred. One problem, of course, is that without professional accountability (regulation in the form of IPSO, IMPRESS), fake news can be published and may attract as much attention as authentic journalism. Participatory culture allows everyone to be a producer - but the result includes YouTube cat videos and vlogs made by product-sponsored influencers. 

    Henry Jenkins can be described as a cyber optimist - he believes that digital technologies are hugely beneficial to both society and individual users.  Jenkins perceives that the internet has the capacity to translate community-based discussions into political engagements. one example of this process in action is the # MeToo campaign that formed in response to Harvey Weinsteen allegations.

    Other positive examples include how the internet creates purposeful communities like the online 'Nextdoor' app which unites local communities who share information, offer support, request assistance and exchange views. Equally, there have been a number of online campaigns that have set to create social and political change, using platforms such as Change.org. Awards such as the Shorty Awards now focus attention on campaigns and generate more public attention.



    #TIMESUP FOR HOLLYWOOD’S GENDER PAY GAP
     








     





    Exam mark scheme




    POWER & THE MEDIA

    We have worked on this topic last year so you can use your preferred case studies.

    We go over the key concepts.




    Friday 24 September 2021

    ESSAY PLAN

    Use one period of our double to make a start on the essay set this week.

    Take note of the scope of the essay: know that 'evaluate' means consider both sides of a question



    Most essays will work well if you plan like this:

    First sentence: define / refer to / pick up key terms in the title: 

    e.g.1 Convergence is the interconnection between media, technology and communication, which often relies on digital technology. A convergent hub is needed, where audiences can click through convergent links. Convergence and synergy are important elements of any film's promotion in the martketing campaign.

    e.g. 2 In media terms, the concept of media ecology can be traced back to Marshall Mcluhan and Neil Postman, and refers to the ways in which media, technology and ways of communicating shape our environment, our society and daily lives.

    Media ecology refers to the complex environments within which media texts, producers, distributors, technologies and audiences exist. It is a way of conceiving the structure of these environments, their content, and impact on people.

    Second sentence

    Define your scope: In this essay, I have referred to the news press and social media platforms (Twitter, FB, YouTube).

    Next steps

    3 case studies are usually enough. Paragraph each separately. Start each paragraph with a topic sentence.

    You may need 'voices of authority' and theoretical frameworks (theorists) depending on the topic.

    You may support what you say from your own experience / the experience of your peers or family

    Conclusion

    Look back at the exam question and draw a conclusion.







    Wednesday 22 September 2021

    MEDIA REGULATION: INTERNET

    We read the editorial from The Sunday Times (19.09.21) after listening to the Radio 4 Today broadcast. 

    Our PREP is written lower down (post on GoogleClassroom by Sunday 26 September please).

    This content has themes relating to self-harm.

    Tell me if you need to opt out of this content. Alternative content is available here (terrorism, gang culture, anonymous abuse, sale of opioids). A new blog post with alternative content is posted here.



     


    PREP below: please post on Google Classroom by Sunday 26 September

    ESSAY STYLE QUESTION 

    Consider the contents of The Times editorial in the light of the following question. Use the bullet points to help you. 

    ‛New media require new forms of regulation.̕ To what extent do you agree with this statement? [15]  

    • identify which media are the subjects of discussion
    • state what content is under discussion
    • identify 2 relevant case studies 
    • name the regulatory body and the legislation that will address online harms
    • what does the Times call " a watchdog lacking teeth"?
    • quote from a voice of authority condemning the revelations
    • quote from Instagram's internal admissions admitting guilt
    • What is meant by the comment of Julian Knight, chairman of the Commons digital, culture, media and sport committee:  "They can't be allowed to mark their own homework."

     You can use this as a starting point and add more ideas and case studies if you like.

    For example, the publications from the government (screenshot below) and the lesson that is on the class blog taken from the Radio 4 Today programme